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Key Terms
Electric Potential
The electric potential energy per unit _______, measured in _______ and is a _______ quantity (not a vector).
Superposition of Potential
When multiple charges are present, the total potential is found by _______ addition of individual potentials, with no _______ components needed.
Electric Field-Potential Relationship
Electric field equals the _______ gradient of electric potential: E = -_______. Field points in the direction of _______ potential.
System Potential Energy
The total potential energy of a system of charges, calculated by summing interaction energies of all _______ without _______-counting.
Equipotential Surfaces
Surfaces where every point has the same electric potential, always _______ to electric field lines. Spacing indicates field _______.
Conductor Equilibrium
In electrostatic equilibrium, conductors become _______ objects with _______ electric field inside.
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